Why delivered costs understate prices in an integrated global hydrogen market

Delivered-cost estimates are often used as proxies for hydrogen import prices. Yet they measure average supply-chain costs, whereas marginal prices measure the system value of an additional unit. Market interactions can make the two diverge, potentially biasing long-term price assumptions. We quantify this gap using an 81-region global hydrogen-market model, comparing each region's costs and prices when only its demand is active and when all regions' demands are active. The 2045 price-cost gap is positive in 78 regions and averages 63 EUR/MWh (52% of the single-buyer cost) on a demand-weighted basis. Only 12 EUR/MWh reflects higher average sourcing costs due to competing demand. The remaining 51 EUR/MWh is the difference between the global-market price and the delivered portfolio's average cost. In several regions, wholesale prices rise while average delivered costs fall. Hydrogen strategies should distinguish delivered-cost benchmarks from market-price expectations, as low-cost supply does not guarantee low regional market prices.

Source: arXiv:2610.41447v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41447v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.41447v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41447v1