Asymmetric Planar-to-Dewar Isomerisation in BN-Doped Naphthalene: Mechanistic Implications for Molecular Solar Thermal Storage

The planar to Dewar valence isomerisation of 4a,8a-azaboranaphthalene (BN$_\text{Naph}$), a $π$ extended BN-doped analogue of azaborine, is investigated to evaluate how BN incorporation reshapes the minimum energy pathway on the ground state. This process is, for example, relevant in the context of molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage, where absorbed sunlight is converted into chemical energy through reversible photoisomerisation. Structures and vertical excitations were computed using DFT and TD-DFT, minimum energy pathways were mapped with nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations, and pathway energetics were refined with state averaged XMS-CASPT2. In addition, azaborine was examined as a comparison system, with particular emphasis on whether substituents at nitrogen and boron promote Dewar formation. The effect of BN doping on the system was analysed in detail. Compared with the carbon analogue, the conversion pathway becomes asymmetric with a metastable intermediate stabilized by a transient boron to carbon contact. The transition structure closely resembles an S$_0$/S$_1$ conical intersection, which is consistent with a vibrationally activated nonradiative funnel. For tuning MOST properties, screening of single substituents across the whole molecule reveals predominantly red shifted S$_1$ energies together with increased oscillator strengths and indicates that appropriate substitution can improve Dewar formation in azaborine derivatives.

Source: arXiv:2605.12186v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12186v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.12186v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12186v1