Semantic Risk-Aware Heuristic Planning for Robotic Navigation in Dynamic Environments: An LLM-Inspired Approach

The integration of Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning principles into classical robot path planning represents a rapidly emerging research direction. In this paper, we propose a Semantic Risk-Aware Heuristic (SRAH) planner that encodes LLM-inspired cost functions penalising geometrically cluttered or high-risk zones into an A$^*$ search framework, augmented with closed-loop replanning upon dynamic obstacle detection. We evaluate SRAH against two established baselines Breadth-First Search (BFS) with replanning and a Greedy heuristic without replanning across 200 randomised trials in a $15{\times}15$ grid-world with 20% static obstacle density and stochastic dynamic obstacles. SRAH achieves a task success rate of 62.0%, outperforming BFS (56.5%) by 9.7% relative improvement and Greedy (4.0%) by a large margin. We further analyse the trade-off between planning overhead, path efficiency, and failure-recovery count, and demonstrate via an obstacle-density ablation that semantic cost shaping consistently improves navigation across environments of varying difficulty. Our results suggest that even lightweight, LLM-inspired heuristics provide measurable safety and robustness gains for autonomous robot navigation.

Source: arXiv:2605.02862v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02862v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.02862v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02862v1