Reconstructing Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics with Physics-Informed Neural Networks

We construct the first physics-informed neural-network (PINN) surrogates for relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) using a hybrid PDE and data-driven workflow. Instead of training for the conservative form of the equations, we work with Jacobians or PDE characteristics directly in terms of primitive variables. We further add to the trainable system the divergence-free condition, without the need of cleaning modes. Using a novel MUON optimizer implementation, we show that a baseline PINN trained on early-time snapshots can extrapolate RMHD dynamics in one and two spatial dimensions, and that posterior residual-guided networks can systematically reduce PDE violations.