Complexity transition in the Dicke model of light-matter interaction

Tuning the coupling strength $g$ of an interacting quantum system may drive a sudden change in its ground-state or thermal properties. To identify and grasp non-analytical, or even discontinuous, transitions in far-from-equilibrium dynamics proves more challenging. Recently Krylov complexity $C_K$ has offered fresh insights about operator growth, thermalization, and chaos in quantum dynamics. Yet it remains unclear if, and how, changing $g$ can trigger a sharp transition in the complexity measures. Here we present evidence for such a transition by mapping out the complexity phase diagram of the paradigmatic Dicke model describing two-level atoms coupled to a cavity photon mode. Two qualitatively different regimes of dynamics are identified and characterized. At the transition, the slope of $C_K$ changes suddenly to coincide with a jump in the Krylov entropy. We elucidate the nature of the regime change from the wave packet dynamics in Krylov space, where a particle is confined by a roughly linear potential but hops as if it lives in a Rindler reference frame. The competition between confinement, which leads to bouncing, and deconfinement by Rindler hopping, which leads to the destruction of wave packet analogous to gravitational spaghettification, is sensitive to the disorder in Lanczos coefficients. The framework outlined here can be applied to other quantum many-body systems.

Source: arXiv:2607.21583v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21583v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.21583v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2607.21583v1