Cumulative locality governs collective quantum charging

Quantum batteries can outperform their classical counterparts through collective quantum effects, yet the conditions enabling such advantage remain unclear. Using a generic class of free-fermionic chargers we prove that global operators are insufficient for scalable superextensive charging and that a cumulative hierarchy of many-body operators is required, with the structure of the battery determining the degree of advantage. This is obtained by relating the charging power to the norm of the commutator between the battery and charger Hamiltonians and deriving an upper bound only capturing noncommuting terms. Moreover, we revisit the concept of participation number and propose an effective definition that accounts for the relative strength of the contributing terms, correlating it with the charging power scaling. Not limited to quadratic Hamiltonians, our results establish cumulative locality as a key resource for quantum charging advantage.

Source: arXiv:2610.28614v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28614v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.28614v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2610.28614v1