Heisenberg-scaling characterization of an arbitrary two-channel network via two-port homodyne detection

We present a fully Gaussian and experimentally feasible scheme for the simultaneous estimation of the four real parameters that characterize an arbitrary two-channel unitary transformation. The scheme utilizes a two-mode squeezed probe and balanced homodyne detection at both output ports, for which we derive the complete classical Fisher-information matrix analytically. Our scheme achieves the Heisenberg-scaling sensitivity for all four parameters simultaneously, enabling full multiparameter characterization of the generic two-channel interferometric device. We further show, by maximum-likelihood estimation, that the corresponding multiparameter Cramér-Rao bounds are saturated with a modest number of experimental repetitions and for low photon numbers. The scheme establishes a practical route to Heisenberg-scaling multiparameter Gaussian metrology for arbitrary two-channel networks, with direct relevance to calibration and sensing in integrated photonics and distributed quantum-enhanced measurement architectures.

Source: arXiv:2603.20139v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20139v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.20139v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.20139v1