A Synchronous EEG-fNIRS BCI: A Proof-of-Concept for Multimodal Avalanche Analysis of Motor Cognition in Older Adults

This proof-of-concept study introduces a novel multimodal framework combining synchronized EEG-fNIRS modalities with neuronal avalanche analysis to identify early network dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. The approach leverages complementary neural signals to examine motor network dynamics during execution and imagery tasks within an interactive task environment. Preliminary analysis of a small pilot cohort (N=4 subjects, including one with Mild Cognitive Impairment) validated the technical feasibility of the multimodal framework and revealed observable condition-dependent patterns in network organization. Two primary observations emerged: a reduced neural contrast between motor execution and imagery states, and increased trial-to-trial variability in network organization in the MCI participant. These initial results successfully validate the technical pipeline and provide hypothesis-generating observations for future statistically powered studies. The convergence of findings across modalities suggests that multimodal assessment of network flexibility may help detect functional changes in early Alzheimer's continuum, supporting the future development of this BCI-inspired framework into an engaging diagnostic tool.

Source: arXiv:2603.23358v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23358v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.23358v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.23358v1