Robust continuous-variable multipartite entanglement in circular arrays of nonlinear waveguides

Encoding continuous-variable quantum information in the optical domain has recently enabled the generation of large entangled states, yet robust implementation remains a challenge. Here, we present a straightforward protocol for generating multipartite entanglement based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a circular array of quadratic nonlinear waveguides. We provide a rigorous theoretical framework, including comprehensive derivations of the propagation equations and the identification of regimes where analytical solutions are possible. Crucially, our approach identifies the pump and detection configurations required to sustain and measure multipartite full inseparability across arbitrary propagation distances and for any number of waveguides $N=4 n$. This regime, elusive to standard numerical methods, represents a key requirement for scalable quantum protocols. Our scheme is inherently robust as it relies on phase-matched propagation eigenmodes, making it resilient against variations in sample length, coupling, and nonlinearity.

Source: arXiv:2603.25610v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25610v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.25610v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2603.25610v1