Constraint-Induced Effective Mass in Massless Field Propagation

Constrained propagation of massless fields is ubiquitous in physical systems, arising from boundaries, material structure, or other restrictions on admissible modes. This paper shows that such constraints generically induce mass-like terms in the effective dispersion relation, without modifying the underlying field equations or introducing new degrees of freedom. Working at an abstract level, constraints are represented as linear operators acting on the field's mode space. Restriction of the admissible mode manifold produces a spectral gap whose magnitude is set by the smallest non-zero eigenvalue of an associated positive semidefinite operator. This gap may be identified with an effective mass parameter, yielding a Proca-like dispersion relation in the long-wavelength limit. The resulting Mass Induction Principle identifies rank reduction of the accessible mode space as the structural mechanism responsible for effective mass generation in constrained massless fields. Familiar systems such as plasmas, superconductors, and periodic media realise this structure as special cases, without introducing new dynamics. The analysis is deliberately dispersion-level and non-phenomenological: it does not assert a field-theoretic mass term, does not address vacuum propagation, and does not make claims about bounds on intrinsic particle masses.

Source: arXiv:2601.09642v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09642v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.09642v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2601.09642v1