Parahydrogen Cooling of Nuclear Spin Chains at Hypogeomagnetic Fields

Solution-state molecular nuclear spin networks are promising quantum simulators because their scalar-coupling Hamiltonians are chemically programmable, precisely measurable, and coherent at room temperature. Their main limitation for quantum information science is initialization: thermal Boltzmann polarization produces highly mixed, high-entropy states. Here, we use parahydrogen-based Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) at hypogeomagnetic fields (i.e., magnetic fields below Earth field) to hyperpolarize the chemically engineered 12-spin chain [U-13C,15N]-butyronitrile. SABRE generates percent-level 13C and 15N polarization and prepares non-equilibrium multi-spin orders across the network. A von Neumann entropy analysis of such a hyperpolarized system shows that, at the optimal transfer field of 0.52 uT, the full spin system could reach S/k = 8.274, compared with S/k = 8.318 for the unpolarized reference, giving (S-Sth)/k = -0.043. Experimentally, nuclear spin temperatures of 52 mK and 257 mK are achieved for 15N and 13C subensembles, respectively. The larger entropy deficit of the full network than of individual subsystems indicates correlated multi-spin order beyond single-spin polarizations. Rapid field cycling to 9.4 T enables site-resolved NMR readout, while the precisely determined coupling network provides an experimentally benchmarked Hamiltonian for testing quantum-simulation, quantum-control, and Hamiltonian-learning protocols.

Source: arXiv:2606.09649v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.09649v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.09649v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2606.09649v1