Analytical emission model for the design of primary effusive sources

We present an analytical emission model that accurately predicts the properties of effusive sources formed by long collimation tubes. By construction, it captures the full range of molecular flow, from the transparent flux regime, which occurs in highly rarefied gases, to the opaque regime, which arises as the flux increases and interparticle collisions become non-negligible. The model is based on a previously developed secondary-emission-surface approach, improved here to overcome its internal limitations and recover the well-established axial flux intensity. It provides accurate analytical predictions of the angular intensity distribution in the molecular flow regime, offering valuable guidance for the design of efficient primary sources across a broad range of experiments in atomic and molecular physics

Source: arXiv:2605.12212v1 - http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12212v1 PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2605.12212v1 Original Link: http://arxiv.org/abs/2605.12212v1